Nadezhda Fyodorovna Olizarenko (née Mushta) was born on November 28, 1953, in Bryansk, Bryansk Oblast, Russian SFSR and died on February 17, 2017, in Odesa, Ukraine.

She was an international track athlete.

Olizarenko represented the Soviet Union and competed mainly in the 800 meters race, in which she won the Olympic gold medal in 1980.

She competed for the Soviet Union in the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow, Russia, in the 800 metres, where she won the gold medal ahead of country women Olga Mineyeva and Tatyana Providokhina for a Soviet clean sweep of the medals.

Which was added to the bronze medal she won in the 1500 metres at the same games.

Olizarenko currently co-holds the world record in the rarely contested 4 × 800 metres relay (7:50.17 minutes with Irina Podyalovskaya, Lyubov Gurina and Lyudmila Borisova).

Nadezhda Fyodorovna Olizarenko was married to the Ukrainian steeplechase runner Serhiy Olizarenko.

Nadezhda Fyodorovna Olizarenko passed away at 63 years old.